Mensajes persuasivos en redes sociales de la industria de alimentos y bebidas no saludables.

OBJETIVO: Identificar los mensajes persuasivos usados por la industria de alimentos y bebidas no saludables en las redes sociales más visitadas por niñas, niños y adolescentes mexicanos y determinar a qué grupo de edad estaban dirigidos. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 892 anuncios de los 20 productos y marcas de alimentos y bebidas no saludables más consumidas en México publicados en las cuentas oficiales de dichos productos y marcas en YouTube, Facebook e Instagram. Se determinó el mensaje primario y el público objetivo (niños, adolescentes o ambos) y se clasificó como emocional o racional. RESULTADOS: En Facebook, la proporción de anuncios con mensajes emocionales (50.7%) y mensajes racionales (49.3%) fue similar. En YouTube hubo mayor proporción de mensajes racionales (60.2%). Se encontraron 2.9 más posibilidades de que un mensaje persuasivo emocional se dirija a niños o adolescentes en comparación con mensajes que no tienen publicidad dirigida. Conclusión. La naturaleza de los mensajes persuasivos analizados depende de la red social en la que se presentaron. La industria alimentaria dirige sus mensajes a niños o adolescentes, razón por la que es importante regular la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas no saludables en redes sociales que busca influir en el comportamiento y las decisiones de compra de niñas, niños y adolescentes.

Precisión diagnóstica de la circunferencia de cuello para la predicción de sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos / Diagnostic accuracy of neck circumference for the prediction of overweight and obesity in Mexican university students

Introducción. La circunferencia de cuello es una medida de fácil acceso y bajo costo, que podría ayudar a la identificación del sobrepeso u obesidad. Objetivo. Determinar la precisión diagnóstica de la circunferencia de cuello para la predicción de sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos y analizar la correlación entre la circunferencia de cuello con otros indicadores antropométricos y la presión arterial como factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal, analítico en 236 universitarios. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y presión arterial. Se realizaron análisis de las curvas ROC para obtener la sensibilidad y especificidad de los puntos de corte para la predicción de sobrepeso u obesidad y correlaciones de Pearson de circunferencia de cuello vs variables antropométricas. Resultados. Se observó, en hombres y mujeres, una correlación fuerte entre circunferencia de cuello y peso [r= 0,74 y r= 0,82 (p<0,01), respectivamente], seguida por IMC [r= 0,77 y r= 0,75 (p<0,01), respectivamente], circunferencia de cintura [r= 0,73 y r= 0,77 (p<0,01), respectivamente] e ICT [r= 0,71 y r= 0,73 (p<0,01), respectivamente]; se encontraron correlaciones moderadas para porcentaje de masa grasa y tensión arterial. La circunferencia de cuello vs circunferencia de cintura fue la mejor prueba de predicción para asociar el sobrepeso u obesidad tanto en hombres (AUC= 0,93; 89,3% sensibilidad y 82,3% especificidad) como mujeres (AUC= 0,95: 94,3% sensibilidad y 82,3% especificidad). Conclusiones. Los puntos de corte de la circunferencia de cuello presentan una adecuada capacidad para predecir el sobrepeso y obesidad en jóvenes adultos mexicanos(AU)

Introduction. Neck circumference is an easily accessible and low-cost measure, which could help in the identification of overweight or obesity. Objective. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of neck circumference for the prediction of overweight and obesity in Mexican university students and to analyze the correlation between neck circumference and other anthropometric indicators and blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional, analytical study in 236 university students. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken. ROC curve analysis was performed to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off points for the prediction of overweight or obesity and Pearson correlations of neck circumference vs anthropometric variables. Results. A strong correlation was observed, in men and women, between neck circumference and weight [r= 0.74 and r= 0.82 (p<0.01), respectively], followed by BMI [r= 0.77 and r= 0.75 (p<0.01), respectively], waist circumference [r= 0.73 and r= 0.77 (p<0.01), respectively] and ICT [r= 0.71 and r= 0.73 (p<0.01), respectively]; moderate correlations were found for percent fat mass and blood pressure. Neck circumference vs waist circumference was the best predictive test for associating overweight or obesity in both men (AUC= 0.93; 89.3% sensitivity and 82.3% specificity) and women (AUC= 0.95: 94.3% sensitivity and 82.3% specificity). Conclusions. Neck circumference cut-off points present adequate ability to predict overweight and obesity in Mexican young adults(AU)

Exercise Programs Combined with Diet Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review.

Sarcopenia is a progressive and frequent syndrome among older adults highly related to physical inactivity and malnutrition. Nowadays, it is considered a pathology that triggers multiple health complications associated with the loss of muscle mass, strength, autonomy, and quality of life. The objective of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of exercise programs combined with dietary supplementation on body composition as the primary outcome. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the elements considered for planning a systematic review by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the search was performed in the Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed databases for the last 10 years. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Regular resistance exercise together with daily essential amino acids or whey protein and vitamin D supplementation improve the maintenance or gains in appendiceal/skeletal muscle mass and total lean mass in sarcopenic older adults. The data suggest a synergistic effect not only on the primary outcome, but also on other variables such as strength, speed, stability, and other indicators of quality of life. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022344284.

Cambios en la microbiota durante el embarazo: revisión narrativa / Changes in the microbiota during pregnancy: a narrative review

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la evidencia científica de los cambios en la microbiota durante el embarazo. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión de la bibliografía publicada entre el 2013 y el 2022 efectuada mediante la búsqueda de artículos científicos escritos en español e inglés resguardados en las bases de datos bibliográficas NICE, CENETEC-SALUD, BIREME y Portal OMS, OPS, Portal de Evidencias de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud - BVS, LILACS, BIREME, EVIPNET, PubMed y Cochrane. La selección de artículos se basó en los descriptores: microbiota; embarazo-pregnancy; microbiota, gut microbiome, fetus-feto; microbiota, placenta; microbiota, combinadas entre sí con el operador boleano "and". RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 3038 posibles artículos y 137 se encontraron adecuados para el objetivo de la revisión en virtud de estar relacionados directamente con el embarazo y la microbiota. Se revisaron estudios transversales, ensayos, revisiones, cohortes, casos y controles, revisiones sistemáticas o matanálisis. CONCLUSIONES: La microbiota se encuentra en diversos tejidos u órganos que anteriormente se creían estériles durante el embarazo. Se sugiere que todos los cambios que implica esta etapa pueden influir en la microbiota de la madre y el feto. A pesar de las crecientes investigaciones en el área aún quedan preguntas por contestar para ayudar a solucionar el enigma de los cambios en la diversidad en las diferentes complicaciones del embarazo y saber si los probióticos tendrían efecto o no en la disminución del riesgo a padecerlas.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the scientific evidence on changes in the microbiota during pregnancy. METHODOLOGY: A review of the literature published between 2013 and 2022 was carried out through the search of scientific articles in Spanish and English in the bibliographic databases NICE, CENETEC-SALUD, BIREME AND PORTAL WHO, PAHO, Portal of Evidence of the Virtual Health Library - BVS, LILACS, BIREME, EVIPNET, PUBMED and COCHRANE. The selection of articles was based on the descriptors: Microbiota, pregnancy, Gut microbiome, Fetus-Microbiota, Placenta - Microbiota, combined with each other with the Boolean "and". RESULTS: A total of 3,038 possible articles were identified and 137 were found suitable for the objective of the review because they were directly related to pregnancy and microbiota. Cross-sectional studies, trials, reviews, cohorts, case-controls, systematic review, or meta-analysis were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Microbiota has been found in various tissues or organs that were previously believed to be sterile during pregnancy, and with this, it is suggested that all the changes that this stage entails can influence the maternal and fetal microbiota. However, despite the growing research in the area, there are still questions to be resolved to help solve the enigma of the changes in diversity in the different complications of pregnancy and whether the use of probiotics would influence reducing the risk to present them.

Relación entre hierro y diabetes mellitus gestacional: una revisión narrativa / Relationship between iron and gestational diabetes mellitus: a narrative review

Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar la evidencia científica acerca de la relación entre el hierro y la diabetes mellitus gestacional. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión narrativa, fundamentada en la búsqueda de artículos publicados de 2000 a 2021 en las bases de datos de PubMed, LILACS, BIREME, NICE, SIGN y CENETEC con los MeSH: Iron, iron and diabetes, Iron overland, Gestational Diabetes y Iron overland and Gestational Diabetes. Se seleccionaron los relacionados con el tema de interés. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 119 artículos y solo 34 se consideraron adecuados para el objetivo de la revisión porque estaban directamente relacionados con el metabolismo del hierro, diabetes gestacional y el hierro como causa de diabetes gestacional. Se obtuvieron estudios transversales, casos y controles, cohortes, ensayos, revisiones y metanálisis. CONCLUSIONES: La relación entre hierro y diabetes mellitus gestacional no está debidamente establecida; sin embargo, se ha relacionado con la capacidad oxidativa del hierro por diferentes mecanismos que acentúan la resistencia a la insulina. Se sugiere que las concentraciones elevadas de hierro podrían ser un factor de riesgo de diabetes mellitus gestacional.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scientific evidence about the relationship between iron and gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODOLOGY: Narrative review, based on the search for articles published from 2000 to 2021 in the PubMed, LILACS, BIREME, NICE, SIGN and CENETEC databases with the MeSH: Iron, iron and diabetes, Iron overland, Gestational Diabetes and Iron Overland and Gestational Diabetes. Those related to the topic of interest were selected. RESULTS: 119 articles were found and only 34 were considered adequate for the purpose of the review because they were directly related to iron metabolism, gestational diabetes and iron as a cause of gestational diabetes. Cross-sectional studies, cases and controls, cohorts, trials, reviews and meta-analyses were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between iron and gestational diabetes mellitus is not properly established; however, it has been related to the oxidative capacity of iron through different mechanisms that accentuate insulin resistance. It is suggested that high iron concentrations could be a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Microencapsulation of Carvacrol Using Pectin/Aloe-gel as a Novel Wound Dressing Films.

Recently, Pectin (PEC) and Aloe-Gel (AG) have received great attention for their use in the encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactive compounds such as Carvacrol (CAR). The aim of this study is to assess the physical, chemical and biological properties of a novel PEC/AG film and evaluate its capability to entrap CAR into microencapsulates. For this purpose, the casting method was used to prepare the PEC/AG membranes (70:30 % w/w). The CAR-loaded PEC/AG film was prepared adding different proportions of CAR (0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% v/v) to the mixture of PEC/AG, previously emulsified with tween 80 (1.0%). The optical properties, Water Vapor Permeability (WVP), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, microstructure, antibacterial activity and size of microcapsules were evaluated. The PEC/AG membranes loaded with CAR showed yellowish appearance and they were transparent to the UV electromagnetic radiation (190, 200 and 280 nm). The film prepared with the lowest amount of CAR (PC/AG-CAR-0.25%) showed the highest values of WVP (66.2%) and, according to SEM micrograph, the largest microcapsules (≈1005± 39 µm3). The FTIR analysis showed the characteristic absorption peaks located at 1015 cm-1 to 1030 cm-1 and a small shoulder to 990 cm-1 of benzene ring 1:2:4 substituted that suggested the presence of CAR-loaded in the PC/AG film. On the other hand, E. coli O157:H7 showed the highest sensitivity to the PEC/AG-CAR-1.00% film, while S. aureus was not sensitive.

Prevalence and associated risk factors for Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections among children of northwest Mexico: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are responsible for gastrointestinal infections worldwide. Contaminated food, feces, drinking water and predictors such as poverty, cultural and behavioral aspects have been involved in their transmission. Published studies about these infections are limited in Mexico. Cananea, Sonora is located in northwest Mexico and is one of the regions with the lowest marginalization index in the Sonora state. However, its rate of gastrointestinal infections increased from 48.7/1000 in 2003 to 77.9/1000 in 2010 in the general population. It was estimated that the prevalence of giardiasis can range from 20 to 30% in the Sonoran childhood population. However, the prevalence of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are unknown in Cananea, Sonora and they are likely contributing to its gastrointestinal infections rates. METHODS: A total of 173 children (average age 8.8 ± 2.8 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements and stool analysis were performed. Socioeconomic, cultural and symptomatology information were collected. The association between the risk factors and intestinal parasitic infections was analyzed by multivariate analysis using the STATA/SE package at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: More than half of the children (n = 103, 60%) had intestinal parasitic infections. Cryptosporidium spp. showed the highest prevalence (n = 47, 27%), which was followed by G. intestinalis (n = 40, 23%). Children with giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis had lower H/A and BMI/A Z scores than children who were free of these infections. Children with giardiasis were at higher risk (OR = 4.0; 95%CI = 1.11-13.02; p = 0.030) of reporting abdominal pain, and children who drank tap water were at higher risk (OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.41-17.20; p = 0.012) of cryptosporidiosis. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first epidemiological study conducted in children in the region of Cananea, Sonora in northwest Mexico. The findings revealed a high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, and their interactions with multiple risk factors were investigated. This study suggested that giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis may play an important role as causative factors of gastrointestinal diseases in the study region. Regional authorities must analyze water for human consumption to search for Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis.